Expedition to Elbrus
According to the expedition, the religious center of the pro-Slavic state of Ruskolan was found, mentioned in many written historical testimonies and oral traditions. Ruskolan in the first centuries of our era united Slavs, Alans and some other peoples living in the North Caucasus.
The 2001 expedition allegedly discovered the location of the temple of the Sun and the ancient city of Kiyar (Kuara), which at that time played the role of the capital for the Slavs (later Kiev became it). The Temple of the Sun, according to the expedition, was, like Stonehenge, a near-horizon astronomical observatory and served the calendar that has survived to this day.
It was composed by the last prince Ruskolani Bus Beloyar, who is called Baksan in the legends in the Caucasus about the heroes. (After his death in 368 CE, in the war with the Goths, the sacred river Altud - Alatyrku, flowing from Alatyrgory, Elbrus - began to be called in honor of Prince Baksan.) The next expedition to Elbrus was decided to be called "Caucasian Archayim 2002" - by name The ancient city of the observatory, built in the Urals, probably the ancestors of the Slavs.
Our train left Moscow at the sight of camera lenses: the media, expecting a sensation,
quite actively took up our popularization in Moscow and threatened to arrive on their own to the field camp. And ch. the editor of "VV" mumbled after something dissatisfied with the possible delay in material for the newspaper, which would still have to be cut "at least twice."
(However, this did not stop him from delaying publication until 2004) In Pyatigorsk, in the overcrowded hall of the local history museum, residents of the Kavminvod watered us with questions and wishes. The attention to our expedition was quite understandable. In recent years, anti-Russian political forces have appeared in the republics of the North Caucasus.
Therefore, the question of whether the Slavic part of the local population was primordial (from pre-Mongol times) or appeared here only in the 18th-19th centuries (during the period of the North Caucasus entering the Russian Empire), as some local publications claim, became very relevant. Our discovery, of course, testifies in favor of the first version.
That is why we are here in the zone of the second, this time political, cyclone. Looking ahead, I note that after a meeting in the museum, many people recognized on the street our Pyatigorsk coordinator and were interested in the fate of the expedition. By the evening of June 19, our head detachment, supplemented by Pyatigorsk schoolchildren, on KamAZ and the bus (thanks to them to the activists of the Slavic communities Kavminvod!) Approached the site of the expedition.
Remained behind the watershed of the Terek and the Kuban, through which the ancient path of the heroes of the North Caucasian epic - the Narts to the foot of Elbrus - ran through the Nartjol pass. Ahead lay the valley of the Ingushli River, and behind it was visible the cone of Mount Tuzluk. But here, 2-3 km from the place of searches, we were caught by a third, now atmospheric, cyclone.
The veil of black clouds that entered the foothill pastures east of Elbrus did not promise much trouble. But before descending into the valley, the truck driver reasonably noticed that, with the slightest rain, he would not pass along such a steep road. Therefore, they decided to establish a temporary camp on a gentle and wide grassy spur a kilometer from the river.
It took no more than 20 minutes to unload stationary tents, a gas stove, foodstuffs and a supply of firewood, but during this time the rain started turning the road into a peat jelly in which a heavy KamAZ was hopelessly stuck. Soon, the rain gave way to wet snow, a strong wind began to fell tents. On the morning of June 20, a heavy snowfall reduced visibility to 50 m. Two Alexandra, Chepurchenko and Asov, made their way through the snowstorm to a nearby cheese factory for help.
The workers who came from there to GAZ-66 were unable to rescue KamAZ, but they took A. Yevtushenko with them. They were the last to drive along the serpentines of the Gumbashi Pass and the valley of the Podkumok River. As in a good action movie, immediately after them the village demolished a kilometer stretch of road. And in the camp there was a prosaic struggle for life: they tried to cook hot food, divert water from under the tents, and strengthen their stretch marks.
The crews of the flooded tents were evacuated under the KamAZ awning. By the morning of June 22, it fell to half a meter of snow. It covered the huge spaces from Kislovodsk to Elbrus and from the Kuban to Baksan. By evening, the elements had calmed down, the snow began to melt quickly, and mud-stone streams of unprecedented power over the past three hundred years fell in the North Caucasus. By this time, the sun peeped over the camp, and it began to come to life.
Pyatigorsk schoolchildren, demonstrating incredible discipline and consciousness for Muscovites, began to move the camp to the valley. The expedition's scientific detachment, hung with tripods, theodolites, slats and backpacks, crossed the raging streams and climbed to the foot of Mount Tuzluk. We are silent about what forces this required from three non-acclimatized participants, the youngest of whom was 52 years old.
But time was running out: the summer solstice came. These days the fate of the expedition was decided. If the sun rises over a notable landmark, the hypothesis of the astronomical significance of Mount Tuzluk will be confirmed. If not, you can "reel fishing rods." No matter how in a hurry, they could not detect the place (azimuth) of sunset: the sun went down in the cloud. And then came the long-awaited dawn of June 23.
On the horizon beyond the massif of the table-shaped mountain Kanjol (translated from the Karachai language as “the bloody path”), better known under the consonant name Dagger, a narrow bloody streak lit up: it was woken by Zarya Zarenitsa, the goddess of the dawn of our ancestors. Stumbling over bumps, dragging a theodolite and photo equipment to the top of the mountain. Cold. The red strip grows, purple, blue, and then a golden glow joins it.
It is expanding, taking half the sky. Behind Elbrus, a violet stripe shifts in the sky - a shadow from the Earth, the border of day and night. The sun has already risen above the horizon, but it is hidden from us by the Kanjol massif. Turned pink, and then gilded Elbrus. The rays of the low sun broke through the valleys through the mountain ranges, flooding the surrounding peaks. Well!!! And in a deep saddle near the southern edge of Kanjol, a dazzling point appears.
Andrei Yurievich, our surveyor and topographer, catches her in the crosshairs of the sight. Countdown on the upper edge of the star! Countdown in the middle of the disk! You can no longer look at the sun without light filters. Camera shutters click with a machine-gun frequency. - Hooray - here is the sun! - So I want to welcome the sunrise with the cry of our ancestors. The top of Tuzluk is flooded with golden light. Indescribable beauty!
Now you can breathe freely, take azimuths to the neighboring peaks, draw a profile of the horizon, so that, using calculations that are unthinkable without today's measurements, you can determine landmarks marking the rising and setting of the moon, the winter sun and various constellations. On the eastern slope of the mountain we find three narrow terraces, somewhat similar to the stands of the Roman Colosseums.
Later, at the foot of the mountain, we find two altar stones with hollowed indentations and grooves for the drain of the sacrificial drink - Surya. It was prepared on honey and herbs, the recipe is described in the “Book of Veles” - the scripture of the ancient Slavs. The stones lie practically on the east-west line, and this, of course, is no accident!
And aside from the menhir (a man-made stele with the face depicted on it facing south-east) there is a ridge of "cup" stones with hollowed holes, buckets, funnels. Imagination paints a picture of a holiday in honor of the sun-Surya. Standing on the top of Mount Tuzluk, the priest (from the words “lively rez”, expressing the living, that is, the word emanating from God) from the steps of the temple announces the sunrise, on the terraces on the side of the mountain are Prince Bus and his warriors, below on the ridge “cup” stones blazing chain of sacrificial lights.
On the altars they poured antimony to the fiery Dazhbog - the bearer of all earthly blessings, Khors - the horse, which draws a chariot across the sky, and the sun itself. In summer, it was called Surya or Kolo. In winter, on Korochun (the day of the winter solstice) and at Christmas time (until January 7), when it was necessary to help the light forces to free the sun from winter captivity, to shift its heavenly path to summer, the emerging sun was called Kolyada.
By the way, from the circle of the heavens around which the sun goes, the Latin word calendar came from, returning to our language from Rome and Byzantium. It is worth noting such an interesting fact: according to volcanologists, the last eruption of Elbrus occurred about 2500 years ago. Then the lava flow ("fire serpent"!) Blocked the Kyzylsu river and formed the Sultan waterfall and the "viburnum bridge" known to tourists.
That is, in front of our ancestors, who were part of the Scythian tribal alliance under the name of cleavages. According to archaeologists, at the same time, Scythians established a menhir near Mount Tuzluk. Days went by, alternating rains and fogs. Expedition expired. Muscovites in a hurry to the train had to walk on blurred roads to Kislovodsk. Pyatigorsk, tied to heavy equipment, were left to wait for the arrival of cars.
So, despite the financial, political and atmospheric cyclones, the Caucasian Arkaim expedition still took place! What are its results? The main one: everyone is alive and well, although the situation in the early days was very difficult. We have proved the possibility of using Mount Tuzluk as a horizontal astronomical observatory.
The presence of high-quality (!) Coal in the Ingushli river valley near the previously found iron smelters of our ancestors was confirmed. According to the geologist I. Kondakov, this coal is close in composition to coking. It is suitable for iron smelting. Ancient melting furnaces, as noted in the story of the first expedition, could be part of a single complex with an observatory and nearby settlements.
The possibility of using menhir for astronomical observations has been proved. According to calculations, the azimuth of the rising of the “high” moon (the northernmost point of the rising of the night luminary) on the days of the summer solstice is close to the azimuth of the menhir measured from Mount Tuzluk. The difference can be explained by both inaccurate calculations and natural causes, for example, the displacement of the Earth's axis.
We also noted the superstition prevailing among shepherds, forcing them to hide information about revered objects from strangers and try to “look away” to researchers. Everything else had to be postponed for the future. The flood did not allow scientists of archaeologists, radio amateurs, hang gliders (for aerial photography) and others to come to the camp.
Despite the chaos that prevailed in Pyatigorsk due to mudflow during the expedition, A. Yevtushenko managed to send a car with food to us. Aleksei Grigoryevich himself, at the head of a search detachment (it included a press attaché A. Strebkova, writer historian A. Asov and doctor I. Zhukov) tried to climb the stoves mentioned above.
But a 1.5-meter layer of snow on the Tashlysyrt ridge and dense fog reduced their efforts to nothing. I would also like to recall with kind words the detachment of support - Pyatigorsk schoolchildren: without their work and enthusiasm, the expedition would not have been so productive. And in the end, as in the previous article, again about the menhir. In 2002, we found that he began to stagger even with a little effort. There was a slope towards the cliff. Water continues to undermine it.
I had to make a mound and bypass grooves. But this is not enough, urgent evacuation of a historical monument is needed! Our expedition continued its work and in 2003, the second menhir was found, located 5 km north of the first. The azimuths of near-horizon objects were repeated and the most interesting finds were referenced using the GPS satellite system.
The geologist who worked with us refuted the assumption of the artificial origin of Mount Tuzluk and some other objects. But this does not exclude their completion or human processing. Could not find the fortress Kiyar in the Elbrus region. However, his location could be determined by archival materials and evidence of ancient travelers A. Asov.
It turned out that this settlement is located near the village of Upper Chegem and is well known to archaeologists, but excavations were practically not carried out here. It is located near the Karakai mountain and the warm narzan springs of Jylysu (not to be confused with the Jylysu tract near Elbrus!). Recall that the names Kuar, Kiyar, and also Kiev in translation from Iranian languages mean “royal city” or “capital”.
And it belonged to the capital of the ancient Slavic state of Ruskolan. The detachment under the leadership of A. Yevtushenko found a place where ancient melting furnaces were located. However, apparently, they were destroyed by exploration workings in recent years before perestroika. Nevertheless, we are looking for their descriptions in the materials of geologists.
There should be the results of chemical analyzes of metallurgical slag. They will help clarify the age of the furnaces and restore the ancient technology of metal production, as well as establish who was their creator. And again, we were not lucky with the experts. Even on the conditions of paying for the road and food, we could not find an archaeologist to test our hypotheses. But we do not lose hope of success.
The 2001 expedition allegedly discovered the location of the temple of the Sun and the ancient city of Kiyar (Kuara), which at that time played the role of the capital for the Slavs (later Kiev became it). The Temple of the Sun, according to the expedition, was, like Stonehenge, a near-horizon astronomical observatory and served the calendar that has survived to this day.
It was composed by the last prince Ruskolani Bus Beloyar, who is called Baksan in the legends in the Caucasus about the heroes. (After his death in 368 CE, in the war with the Goths, the sacred river Altud - Alatyrku, flowing from Alatyrgory, Elbrus - began to be called in honor of Prince Baksan.) The next expedition to Elbrus was decided to be called "Caucasian Archayim 2002" - by name The ancient city of the observatory, built in the Urals, probably the ancestors of the Slavs.
Our train left Moscow at the sight of camera lenses: the media, expecting a sensation,
quite actively took up our popularization in Moscow and threatened to arrive on their own to the field camp. And ch. the editor of "VV" mumbled after something dissatisfied with the possible delay in material for the newspaper, which would still have to be cut "at least twice."
(However, this did not stop him from delaying publication until 2004) In Pyatigorsk, in the overcrowded hall of the local history museum, residents of the Kavminvod watered us with questions and wishes. The attention to our expedition was quite understandable. In recent years, anti-Russian political forces have appeared in the republics of the North Caucasus.
Therefore, the question of whether the Slavic part of the local population was primordial (from pre-Mongol times) or appeared here only in the 18th-19th centuries (during the period of the North Caucasus entering the Russian Empire), as some local publications claim, became very relevant. Our discovery, of course, testifies in favor of the first version.
That is why we are here in the zone of the second, this time political, cyclone. Looking ahead, I note that after a meeting in the museum, many people recognized on the street our Pyatigorsk coordinator and were interested in the fate of the expedition. By the evening of June 19, our head detachment, supplemented by Pyatigorsk schoolchildren, on KamAZ and the bus (thanks to them to the activists of the Slavic communities Kavminvod!) Approached the site of the expedition.
Remained behind the watershed of the Terek and the Kuban, through which the ancient path of the heroes of the North Caucasian epic - the Narts to the foot of Elbrus - ran through the Nartjol pass. Ahead lay the valley of the Ingushli River, and behind it was visible the cone of Mount Tuzluk. But here, 2-3 km from the place of searches, we were caught by a third, now atmospheric, cyclone.
The veil of black clouds that entered the foothill pastures east of Elbrus did not promise much trouble. But before descending into the valley, the truck driver reasonably noticed that, with the slightest rain, he would not pass along such a steep road. Therefore, they decided to establish a temporary camp on a gentle and wide grassy spur a kilometer from the river.
It took no more than 20 minutes to unload stationary tents, a gas stove, foodstuffs and a supply of firewood, but during this time the rain started turning the road into a peat jelly in which a heavy KamAZ was hopelessly stuck. Soon, the rain gave way to wet snow, a strong wind began to fell tents. On the morning of June 20, a heavy snowfall reduced visibility to 50 m. Two Alexandra, Chepurchenko and Asov, made their way through the snowstorm to a nearby cheese factory for help.
The workers who came from there to GAZ-66 were unable to rescue KamAZ, but they took A. Yevtushenko with them. They were the last to drive along the serpentines of the Gumbashi Pass and the valley of the Podkumok River. As in a good action movie, immediately after them the village demolished a kilometer stretch of road. And in the camp there was a prosaic struggle for life: they tried to cook hot food, divert water from under the tents, and strengthen their stretch marks.
The crews of the flooded tents were evacuated under the KamAZ awning. By the morning of June 22, it fell to half a meter of snow. It covered the huge spaces from Kislovodsk to Elbrus and from the Kuban to Baksan. By evening, the elements had calmed down, the snow began to melt quickly, and mud-stone streams of unprecedented power over the past three hundred years fell in the North Caucasus. By this time, the sun peeped over the camp, and it began to come to life.
Pyatigorsk schoolchildren, demonstrating incredible discipline and consciousness for Muscovites, began to move the camp to the valley. The expedition's scientific detachment, hung with tripods, theodolites, slats and backpacks, crossed the raging streams and climbed to the foot of Mount Tuzluk. We are silent about what forces this required from three non-acclimatized participants, the youngest of whom was 52 years old.
But time was running out: the summer solstice came. These days the fate of the expedition was decided. If the sun rises over a notable landmark, the hypothesis of the astronomical significance of Mount Tuzluk will be confirmed. If not, you can "reel fishing rods." No matter how in a hurry, they could not detect the place (azimuth) of sunset: the sun went down in the cloud. And then came the long-awaited dawn of June 23.
On the horizon beyond the massif of the table-shaped mountain Kanjol (translated from the Karachai language as “the bloody path”), better known under the consonant name Dagger, a narrow bloody streak lit up: it was woken by Zarya Zarenitsa, the goddess of the dawn of our ancestors. Stumbling over bumps, dragging a theodolite and photo equipment to the top of the mountain. Cold. The red strip grows, purple, blue, and then a golden glow joins it.
It is expanding, taking half the sky. Behind Elbrus, a violet stripe shifts in the sky - a shadow from the Earth, the border of day and night. The sun has already risen above the horizon, but it is hidden from us by the Kanjol massif. Turned pink, and then gilded Elbrus. The rays of the low sun broke through the valleys through the mountain ranges, flooding the surrounding peaks. Well!!! And in a deep saddle near the southern edge of Kanjol, a dazzling point appears.
Andrei Yurievich, our surveyor and topographer, catches her in the crosshairs of the sight. Countdown on the upper edge of the star! Countdown in the middle of the disk! You can no longer look at the sun without light filters. Camera shutters click with a machine-gun frequency. - Hooray - here is the sun! - So I want to welcome the sunrise with the cry of our ancestors. The top of Tuzluk is flooded with golden light. Indescribable beauty!
Now you can breathe freely, take azimuths to the neighboring peaks, draw a profile of the horizon, so that, using calculations that are unthinkable without today's measurements, you can determine landmarks marking the rising and setting of the moon, the winter sun and various constellations. On the eastern slope of the mountain we find three narrow terraces, somewhat similar to the stands of the Roman Colosseums.
Later, at the foot of the mountain, we find two altar stones with hollowed indentations and grooves for the drain of the sacrificial drink - Surya. It was prepared on honey and herbs, the recipe is described in the “Book of Veles” - the scripture of the ancient Slavs. The stones lie practically on the east-west line, and this, of course, is no accident!
And aside from the menhir (a man-made stele with the face depicted on it facing south-east) there is a ridge of "cup" stones with hollowed holes, buckets, funnels. Imagination paints a picture of a holiday in honor of the sun-Surya. Standing on the top of Mount Tuzluk, the priest (from the words “lively rez”, expressing the living, that is, the word emanating from God) from the steps of the temple announces the sunrise, on the terraces on the side of the mountain are Prince Bus and his warriors, below on the ridge “cup” stones blazing chain of sacrificial lights.
On the altars they poured antimony to the fiery Dazhbog - the bearer of all earthly blessings, Khors - the horse, which draws a chariot across the sky, and the sun itself. In summer, it was called Surya or Kolo. In winter, on Korochun (the day of the winter solstice) and at Christmas time (until January 7), when it was necessary to help the light forces to free the sun from winter captivity, to shift its heavenly path to summer, the emerging sun was called Kolyada.
By the way, from the circle of the heavens around which the sun goes, the Latin word calendar came from, returning to our language from Rome and Byzantium. It is worth noting such an interesting fact: according to volcanologists, the last eruption of Elbrus occurred about 2500 years ago. Then the lava flow ("fire serpent"!) Blocked the Kyzylsu river and formed the Sultan waterfall and the "viburnum bridge" known to tourists.
That is, in front of our ancestors, who were part of the Scythian tribal alliance under the name of cleavages. According to archaeologists, at the same time, Scythians established a menhir near Mount Tuzluk. Days went by, alternating rains and fogs. Expedition expired. Muscovites in a hurry to the train had to walk on blurred roads to Kislovodsk. Pyatigorsk, tied to heavy equipment, were left to wait for the arrival of cars.
So, despite the financial, political and atmospheric cyclones, the Caucasian Arkaim expedition still took place! What are its results? The main one: everyone is alive and well, although the situation in the early days was very difficult. We have proved the possibility of using Mount Tuzluk as a horizontal astronomical observatory.
The presence of high-quality (!) Coal in the Ingushli river valley near the previously found iron smelters of our ancestors was confirmed. According to the geologist I. Kondakov, this coal is close in composition to coking. It is suitable for iron smelting. Ancient melting furnaces, as noted in the story of the first expedition, could be part of a single complex with an observatory and nearby settlements.
The possibility of using menhir for astronomical observations has been proved. According to calculations, the azimuth of the rising of the “high” moon (the northernmost point of the rising of the night luminary) on the days of the summer solstice is close to the azimuth of the menhir measured from Mount Tuzluk. The difference can be explained by both inaccurate calculations and natural causes, for example, the displacement of the Earth's axis.
We also noted the superstition prevailing among shepherds, forcing them to hide information about revered objects from strangers and try to “look away” to researchers. Everything else had to be postponed for the future. The flood did not allow scientists of archaeologists, radio amateurs, hang gliders (for aerial photography) and others to come to the camp.
Despite the chaos that prevailed in Pyatigorsk due to mudflow during the expedition, A. Yevtushenko managed to send a car with food to us. Aleksei Grigoryevich himself, at the head of a search detachment (it included a press attaché A. Strebkova, writer historian A. Asov and doctor I. Zhukov) tried to climb the stoves mentioned above.
But a 1.5-meter layer of snow on the Tashlysyrt ridge and dense fog reduced their efforts to nothing. I would also like to recall with kind words the detachment of support - Pyatigorsk schoolchildren: without their work and enthusiasm, the expedition would not have been so productive. And in the end, as in the previous article, again about the menhir. In 2002, we found that he began to stagger even with a little effort. There was a slope towards the cliff. Water continues to undermine it.
I had to make a mound and bypass grooves. But this is not enough, urgent evacuation of a historical monument is needed! Our expedition continued its work and in 2003, the second menhir was found, located 5 km north of the first. The azimuths of near-horizon objects were repeated and the most interesting finds were referenced using the GPS satellite system.
The geologist who worked with us refuted the assumption of the artificial origin of Mount Tuzluk and some other objects. But this does not exclude their completion or human processing. Could not find the fortress Kiyar in the Elbrus region. However, his location could be determined by archival materials and evidence of ancient travelers A. Asov.
It turned out that this settlement is located near the village of Upper Chegem and is well known to archaeologists, but excavations were practically not carried out here. It is located near the Karakai mountain and the warm narzan springs of Jylysu (not to be confused with the Jylysu tract near Elbrus!). Recall that the names Kuar, Kiyar, and also Kiev in translation from Iranian languages mean “royal city” or “capital”.
And it belonged to the capital of the ancient Slavic state of Ruskolan. The detachment under the leadership of A. Yevtushenko found a place where ancient melting furnaces were located. However, apparently, they were destroyed by exploration workings in recent years before perestroika. Nevertheless, we are looking for their descriptions in the materials of geologists.
There should be the results of chemical analyzes of metallurgical slag. They will help clarify the age of the furnaces and restore the ancient technology of metal production, as well as establish who was their creator. And again, we were not lucky with the experts. Even on the conditions of paying for the road and food, we could not find an archaeologist to test our hypotheses. But we do not lose hope of success.
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